The rising role of businessmen in Turkish Foreign policy: case of Turkey’s influence in Iraqi Kurdish Regional Government’s State Building process Despite political taboos in Turkish Foreign Policy towards the formation of a Kurdish state in the Middle East Turkey adopted a particular position when Iraqi Kurds started the Kurdish State building process in 2005 when the new Iraqi Constitution was proclaimed. Since the recognition of the Iraqi Constitution that gave to the Kurds not only political autonomy but also economic independence, Turkey has become the main actor in the State Building process of the Kurdish autonomous region. Businessmen form Turkey, Turks and Kurds, are contributing to the physical infrastructure of this quasi state. Turkey is involved in the KRG’s

Turkish Sport diplomacy as a tool for a renewed power? Success and limits to Turkish soft power. L’annonce de l’attribution des Jeux Olympiques 2020 à Tokyo au détriment d’Istanbul le 7 septembre dernier a été ressentie avec beaucoup d’amertume par les autorités politiques du pays qui ont fortement soutenu depuis vingt ans toutes les candidatures précédentes. Il faut préciser qu’à l’issue des visites d’évaluation des villes candidates par le Comité International Olympique, Istanbul était apparue aux yeux des spécialistes comme la favorite. De leur côté, les responsables politiques, en premier lieu le Premier ministre, n’avait pas non plus ménagé leur peine en effectuant un nombre importants de déplacements à l’étranger au cours desquels ils ne manquèrent pas de défendre la candidature

Networks of influence: reconceptualising soft power This paper aims to analyse one particularly effective facet of Turkey’s soft power approach. However, soft power is not defined, nor conceptualized, as it was originally conceived of by Nye – rather, by integrating literature from network analysis, I will highlight the ways in which successful use of different networks (in this case by Turkey) can have a profound effect in expanding a country’s foreign policy choices. This paper argues it is crucial that soft power is conceptualized in more nuanced ways, rather than simply referring to a states’ norms and values, media or other reified phenomena. Soft power is about very concrete material forces that a state has at its disposal. Networks are

Turkish series exportation market and its counterflow ‘soft power’ effects Through the example of Turkish series production and their international diffusion this paper aims to question the use and limits of the concept of soft power, and more precisely the role given to cultural contents in the definition of soft power given by J. Nye himself. The article begins considering the diversity of public reactions to Turkish series throughout the region surrounding Turkey, showing how such reactions are used in diplomatic speeches or in some scientific papers to prove the evidence of a Turkish soft power. Exploring the mechanisms of audiovisual production in Turkey and diffusion of Turkish series by the private sector on international markets this article shows how