By Aurélie Stern
Image made by John Chrobak for the article on the link above.
Turkism, also known as pan-Turkism, is an ideology that aims to unite all Turkic regions into a single political entity. It emerged in the second half of the 19th century among Turkic-speaking minorities in the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The influence of Budapest University on this ideology is unmistakable; it was there that philologist Armin Vambery helped develop Turanian theory, which holds that Turkic peoples have ancestral links with other peoples, such as the Hungarians, Finns, Basques, Mongols, and Japanese. Turanism is an expanded version of Turkism, which turns nomadic pastoral peoples into a linguistic and subsequently “racial” entity, like Indo-Europeans and Semites.
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